Yahoo Answers: I have downloaded the demo of minecraft and I don't know how to play?
https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20110612070505AAJoxNv
How To: Get Started in Minecraft
http://features.en.softonic.com/how-to-get-started-in-minecraft
Eventually I learned that the quick method is to harvest a bunch of wood, make a crafting table, make a pickaxe, harvest a bunch of cobblestone, make a furnace, cook a block of wood into charcoal, and make the torch out of that. The second link was the one that taught me that I had to use a pickaxe to get cobblestone, coal, and minerals to drop blocks.
I have been asking other similar questions about the minecraft demo; given the number of times that it has been played you'd think that some wise guy would have published a map of it or something, but I haven't found anything like that online. The minecraft wiki has a list of really major landmarks in the world:
http://minecraft.gamepedia.com/Demo_mode
Here is another, less detailed batch of information about the demo world:
http://www.minecraftforum.net/forums/minecraft-discussion/seeds/320613-demo-world-seed-now-with-co-ordinates?page=2
EpilogueThe eventual answer to my coal dilemma was obvious in retrospect; it's terribly easy once you have made a pickaxe to mine cobblestone, make a furnace, and reduce some wood down to charcoal which can also be used to make a torch. Duh!