Monday, September 13, 2021

L-glutamine for biofilms

One of T's diagnoses was "Platelet Aggregates", for which she as assigned L-glutamine "from Amazon" and Baby Asprin. It is hard to find cooborating information for this diagnosis. The test that this diagnosis is based one was a Brightfield Microscopy Blood Smear Imaging. Brightfield seems to be a fancy term for optical backlit microscopy, distinguished from Darkfield Microscopy which is microscopy lit from above, which seems to be mostly used to highlight surface features of structures being observed (in our case blood cells).
Information and diagrams for a Brightfield microscope. Looks super standard: https://microbenotes.com/brightfield-microscope/
This collection of articles demonstrates just how far this simple practice can be used in complex diagnosis: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/bright-field-microscopy
This skepticism article is mostly directed at diagnoses made using darkfield microscopy, helping explain the difference, but is generally interesting: https://www.microscopemaster.com/blood-microscopy.html
The test was performed by TLab, which has an unexpectedly small web footprint and seems to do tests not duplicated by anyone else (a poor sign), but their two "products" seem to be non-magical microscopy:
TLab's site, as far as I can tell: https://www.tlabdx.com/
The features supposedly revealed by the brightfield microscopy were "Biofilms" with the description "Paltelet Aggregates, Amorphous Aggregates" and Neutrophil Degranulation. Neutrophil Degranulation is interesting in that it seems to be a standard immune response to infection. This could be an indication of autoimmune response but I haven't found actual links for this supposition yet. In general, Neutrophil Degranulation seems like such a normal process that its indication seems meaningless.
Here is Wikipedia's fascinating general explanation of Neutrophils: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrophil
This explanation of degranulation does link it with Cytokites, but in general this seems to describe the natural immune system functionality: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degranulation
This fascinating article appears to have little to do with the general explanation of Neutrophil Degranulation associated with it in Google, which states "Neutrophil degranulation a process in which neutrophil cytoplasmic granules are mobilized to fuse with the cell membrane or phagosomal membrane, resulting in the exocytosis of soluble granule proteins or exposure of membrane granule proteins at the cell surface.": https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1471490619300067#:~:text=Neutrophil%20degranulation%20a%20process%20in%20which%20neutrophil%20cytoplasmic,of%20membrane%20granule%20proteins%20at%20the%20cell%20surface.
Again another really interesting article from a Google summary which reads "In response to infection, neutrophils leave the circulation and migrate towards the inflammatory focus. They contain several subsets of granules that are mobilized to fuse with the cell membrane or phagosomal membrane, resulting in the exocytosis or exposure of membrane proteins.": https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-6798695
Ok, this article at least shows that somebody is researching a link between neutrophil degranulation and chronic infammitory diseases, but on the other hand it also seems to indicate that the process is complex and poorly understood: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26579547/
"Biofilms" turns out to be a word with a basic meaning of apparently any kind of bacterial aggregation. One of the significances of biofilms is in how they can accidentally contaminate other test results. Another significance is in simply understanding how bacterial infections can form and spread. Biofilms also seem important for cultivation of desirable bacteria.
Most illustrations of biofilms contain diagrams similar to this article, which shows the stages of biofilms in order to identify a variety of disruptors of each stage: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7045314/
It is clear that I have a lot to learn before understanding this article, but it is interesting in that it happens to identify glutamine as necessary for biofilm growth: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-25401-z
Which is also what this figure is supposed to indicate; https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Glutamate-and-glutamine-are-essential-for-biofilm-formation-A-Biofilm-quantification_fig4_325012642
Here is a folksy guide to supplements that says a lot of what's in the first article without the diagrams: https://selfhacked.com/blog/44-science-backed-ways-to-inhibit-biofilms-naturally-with-references/
Probiotics, Crons Disease, Biofilms, this too-good-to-be-true "alert" has it all: https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/631373
So how is L-glutamine a treatment for biofilms, or even platelet aggregates? At this point I don't get the link. The top hits for L-glutamine and the claims for the supplements all seem to tout its effect in building up probiotic bacteria or treating leaky gut syndrome. Both of which are desirable but seemingly unrelated to the link that we were given between the test results and the prescription.
L-Gluamine and Glutamine? No diff according to this article, which hints at its uses for improving immune response, gut health, and says that it's an essential ammino acid and found in all kinds of foods: https://www.trueprotein.com.au/blogs/nutrition/a-quick-guide-to-glutamine
This pretty basic summary seems really focused on Glutamine for intestinal health: https://www.uofmhealth.org/health-library/d07315a1
Medical News Today, sounds legit right? This covers a lot of the infomation seen everywhere else about Glutamine including its potentially magical relief for IBS, but interestingly cautions against Gluamine if you have Reyes Syndrom, "a swelling of the brain". Also mentions the info I've seen elsewhere how it is like food for cancer cells: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320850#other-supplements

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