What I learned to fix it:
1. Get the most current version of PuTTY. Googling the problem revealed that many online thought that there was a "bug" in version 0.60 that caused this, and upgrading to 0.62 (apparently the most recent version) fixes it. Here's a few links of many in which this assertion is made:
http://www.derkeiler.com/Newsgroups/comp.security.ssh/2009-02/msg00070.html
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/comp.security.ssh/GbAEXzBD8hE
http://earthwithsun.com/questions/312197/putty-0-61-why-do-i-see-access-denied-message-after-i-enter-my-login-id
2. After performing the upgrade it still gets me Authentication Denied, but also better error messages. Now it also says "GSSAPI authentication request refused". Whatever the hell that is. From the following links, I learned that I mostly just need to disable GSSAPI authentication, and the best way to do this was through the PuTTY configuration:
http://superuser.com/questions/465709/getting-access-denied-error-in-putty-with-a-normal-user
http://superuser.com/questions/312197/putty-0-61-why-do-i-see-access-denied-message-after-i-enter-my-login-idHere is the same explanation applied to a slightly different situation (not trying to use pscp):
http://nolabnoparty.com/en/access-denied-ssh-error-with-putty-in-windows-7/
3. I was able to make a PuTTY configuration that had GSSAPI turned off and pscp started working, but my configuration was poorly named. I had made two configurations, one named
4. Now the new system is set up like my other systems. Except that arguably they are all wrong now; what I should have is a custom named configuration that the code calls using pscp -load rather than having the default pscp configuration for
5. I should upgrade PuTTY to version 0.63 now for security reasons:
http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/changes.html